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In the
The Pullman Project
Canadian National Railways Sleeping Car No. 1683 ''St. Hyacinthe''
photographs and short history of a Sleeping Car built in 1929.
*
Pantagraph (Bloomington, IL newspaper) {{Portal bar, Buses, Trains, Transport Passenger railroad cars Buses by type Luxury trains Luxury brands Luxury vehicles
In the United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
, Pullman was used to refer to railroad sleeping car
The sleeping car or sleeper (often ) is a railway passenger car (rail), passenger car that can accommodate all passengers in beds of one kind or another, for the purpose of sleeping. George Pullman was the American innovator of the sleeper car.
...
s that were built and operated on most U.S. railroads by the Pullman Company
The Pullman Company, founded by George Pullman, was a manufacturer of railroad cars in the mid-to-late 19th century through the first half of the 20th century, during the boom of railroads in the United States. Through rapid late-19th century d ...
(founded by George Pullman
George Mortimer Pullman (March 3, 1831 – October 19, 1897) was an American engineer and industrialist. He designed and manufactured the Pullman sleeping car and founded a company town, Pullman, for the workers who manufactured it. This ulti ...
) from 1867 to December 31, 1968.
Other uses
Pullman also refers to railwaydining car
A dining car (American English) or a restaurant car (British English), also a diner, is a railroad passenger car that serves meals in the manner of a full-service, sit-down restaurant.
It is distinct from other railroad food service cars that ...
s in Europe that were operated by the Pullman Company, or lounge car
A lounge car (sometimes referred to as a buffet lounge, buffet car, club car or grill car) is a type of passenger car on a train, in which riders can purchase food and drinks. The car may feature large windows and comfortable seating to create a re ...
s operated by the Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits
Newrest Wagons-Lits, formerly (lit. ''International Sleeping-Car Company''), also CIWL, Compagnie des Wagons-Lits, or just Wagons-Lits, is a division of particularly known for its on-train catering and sleeping car services, as well as being ...
. Specifically, in Great Britain
Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island and the ninth-largest island in the world. It is ...
, ''Pullman'' refers to the lounge cars operated by the British Pullman Car Company.
The nickname ''Pullman coach'' was used in some European cities for the first long (four-axle) electric tram
A tram (called a streetcar or trolley in North America) is a rail vehicle that travels on tramway tracks on public urban streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way. The tramlines or networks operated as public transport are ...
cars whose appearance resembled the Pullman railway cars and that were usually more comfortable than their predecessors. Such coaches ( rus, пульмановский вагон, pul'manovsky vagon) ran in Kyiv
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
from 1907 and in Odessa
Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. The city is also the administrativ ...
from 1912.
In the 1920s, tramcars nicknamed ''Pullmanwagen'' in German ran in Leipzig, Cologne, Frankfurt and Zürich.Hans Bodmer. ''Das Tram in Zürich, 1928 bis 1962''. p. 11 (in German)
In some Western Europe
Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's countries and territories vary depending on context.
The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to "the East" and originally applied to the ancient Mediterranean ...
an countries in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, some especially luxurious motor coaches were sometimes referred to as ''Auto-Pullmans''.
In 1963, the luxurious Mercedes-Benz 600
The Mercedes-Benz 600 (W100) is a line of ultra-luxury cars produced by Daimler-Benz from 1963 to 1981. The forerunner of the modern Maybach marque, the ''Grosser Mercedes'' ("Grand Mercedes") succeeded the Type 300d "Adenauer" as the compa ...
was introduced, with a range including a long wheelbase version called ''Pullman''. Later, stretched versions of regular Mercedes-Benz S-Class
The Mercedes-Benz S-Class, formerly known as ''Sonderklasse'' (German for "special class", abbreviated as "S-Klasse"), is a series of full-sized luxury vehicle, luxury sedans, limousines and Armored car (VIP), armored sedans produced by the Germa ...
cars were also called ''Pullman''.
In Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
and Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
, the word "pullman" is used to refer to a coach bus
A coach (or coach bus/motorcoach) is a type of bus built for longer-distance service, in contrast to transit buses that are typically used within a single metropolitan region. Often used for touring, intercity, and international bus service ...
. In Greek, it would be spelled "πούλμαν".
In Latin America
Latin America or
* french: Amérique Latine, link=no
* ht, Amerik Latin, link=no
* pt, América Latina, link=no, name=a, sometimes referred to as LatAm is a large cultural region in the Americas where Romance languages — languages derived f ...
, ''pullman'' may refer to a luxury bus
A bus (contracted from omnibus, with variants multibus, motorbus, autobus, etc.) is a road vehicle that carries significantly more passengers than an average car or van. It is most commonly used in public transport, but is also in use for cha ...
as well as to a railroad sleeping car.
Gallery
See also
*Pullman loaf
The Pullman loaf, sometimes called the "sandwich loaf" or "pan bread", is a rectangular loaf of white bread baked in a long, narrow, lidded pan. The French term for this style of loaf is '' pain de mie'', or, less commonly, ''pain anglais''.
Eu ...
, a type of long, square bread developed to be baked in the small kitchens of rail cars
* ''Starlight Express
''Starlight Express'' is a 1984 British musical, with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Richard Stilgoe. It tells the story of a young but obsolete steam engine, Rusty, who races in a championship against modern engines in the hope o ...
'', a train musical in which two characters are modeled on a Pullman.
* , Railway Coach roof design following the Pullman American influence.
Notes
References
* * *External links
The Pullman Project
Canadian National Railways Sleeping Car No. 1683 ''St. Hyacinthe''
photographs and short history of a Sleeping Car built in 1929.
*
Pantagraph (Bloomington, IL newspaper) {{Portal bar, Buses, Trains, Transport Passenger railroad cars Buses by type Luxury trains Luxury brands Luxury vehicles